Zhuo Xiong: Gone with the Wind

Courtesy of Billie Tzu-Hsing Liao

20th August 2024

By Thea Belton

Nestled in the heart of London, the 19th century vaults underneath Whitcomb Street, have been given a new life. Mongolian artist Zhuo Xiong’s new body of paintings, grouped together under the exhibition title, Gone With the Wind, adorn the faded brick walls, luminously peering out of shadowy corners and low-hanging tunnels.

The series is made up of two parts. The first riffs off Manet’s Olympia, an 1863 oil painting depicting a nude white woman lying down. In Xiong’s interpretations, the abstracted figures and highly saturated colours convey a sense of disorientation and fear, the fluidity and ambiguity in texture and content refuting any ability for the viewer to identify the figures.

In the second part of the new series, three paintings, titled Green card 1, 2 and 3, depict small orange figures appearing to be thrown out of or jumping into a dark pool, surrounded by murky greens and violent hues of fiery orange. Like the figures in the Olympia series, there is an uncanny and ghostly quality, while still drawing inspiration from art history, this time Matisse’s The Dance.

Courtesy of Billie Tzu-Hsing Liao

Curated by Julia Zheng, Creative Consultant and Xiong’s exhibition partner, previously a Creative Producer in theatre, a theatrical piece was performed alongside the paintings, an accompaniment to the opening night. Beginning in one of the vaults, the performer thrusted and rose within the trappings of vibrant silk cloths, accompanied by the poignant chanting in traditional Mongolian music. The sounds were deep, sombre and methodical, mirroring the artist’s slow and direct pace as she walked into another, wider vault. Across the back wall of this room were multiple objects buried in sand. As we followed the performer through the room, she dug her hands into the sand, and pulled out objects associated with modern technology and globalisation. After moving through the room she returned to the silks, wrapping them around her, and reaching towards one of Xiong’s paintings. As the music culminated in mournful, rising intonations, the performer reached a hand towards a singular painting, placing it on top of the felt to leave behind a handprint. It was a move that encapsulated the despairing, longing tones of the music and the piece as a whole. There was a sense of reaching towards something with intense hopelessness; whether it was the people gazing out from the frames or the swirling landscapes, the performance was a potent investigation of unfulfilled identity and desire.

Speaking to Xiong after, the artist expressed the constant state of flux he feels his identity is in. Born in inner Mongolia, a region controlled by the Chinese government, Xiong said that, ‘Mongolia is my country, but my father is Chinese Han, so I’ve always been searching for my identity. Am I a Chinese man or a Mongolian man?’ After finishing an MA at the Royal College of Arts in 2018, Xiong returned briefly to Mongolia, and now lives in New York; his nomadic and shifting selfhood was somewhat reflected in the traditional Mongolian dress paired with Comme des Garcon converse. Small and bright-eyed, with an excited demeanour, I was charmed by his warmth and readiness to discuss his work.

This sense of disorientation is something I felt was potent in Xiong’s paintings. In the Green Card series, the figures appear to be thrown around in the tormented swirls of fiery orange. There is something eerie and disturbing in the landscapes that echoes the experience of being unsettled. In one painting, figures appear to run in terror from the gaping chasm of black, menacing drips of dark green pigment cascade, claw-like across their path, like prison bars or knotted vines. The scenes are mythical, fantastical and otherworldly, but they reflect the existing and real experiences of entrapment and exclusion felt by many immigrants worldwide.

Courtesy of Billie Tzu-Hsing Liao

Xiong elaborated,

‘I created Green Card because it’s important to think about how New York and America are seen as places of freedom but in reality they’re not. You are continuously fighting the system. I’m tired sometimes!’

Our conversation continued as I asked Xiong what inspired the Olympia series.

‘Manet's Olympia is derived from Titian's Venus of Urbino. Manet used a similar composition to depict a prostitute, aiming to overturn traditional artistic aesthetics of female beauty that Titian idealised. Manet presented real, unidealized figures and issues.

In New York, there is a persistent stereotype of Asians in America: small eyes, black hair, short stature, yellow skin, excellent at maths, introverted, isolated, weak, unprincipled, and deceitful. These stereotypes are their idealised image of Asians, allowing Americans to maintain their sense of superiority. Additionally, during my childhood, I encountered similar stereotypes from Han Chinese about Inner Mongolian nomadic culture.  

Historically, Han Chinese and Mongolians have been adversaries, with nomadic tribes often invading Han  territories. Despite efforts to maintain social harmony and stability under Chinese government rule, there has  been a gradual process of Sinicization and homogenization. While economic and material living standards have  improved significantly under Chinese governance, cultural and linguistic aspects have suffered unprecedented  destruction. Today, it's rare for newborns in Inner Mongolia to be registered as Mongolian, and there are very few schools with a pure Mongolian language curriculum. The Inner Mongolian government has now forcibly replaced  all textbooks with Chinese ones.’

Replacing the figures in Manet’s Olympia with images from his personal archive, Xiong plays with a lineage of idealised beauty in art history, drawing attention to the ways in which individuals are typecast on the basis of gender, race, class, ethnicity. But the use of archive also introduces a fragmentary and fluid nature to the notions of identity presented. A personal archive exists not just in the past, but is the sign of an ever-changing, ever-moving life. Xiong’s use of his own images to distort the iconography of Venus highlights the ways in which identity is something continually in flux, unable to be pinned down by the constraints of a Westernised art history canon.

Courtesy of Billie Tzu-Hsing Liao

Beyond these political aspirations, Xiong has a personal drive behind painting. He says, ‘Through the healing process of painting, I continuously re-examine and adjust my understanding of past events. Painting allows me to recall significant memories, calm my mind when thinking about an event, and observe a person.’ In each interpretation of Olympia, figures are added or removed, their eyes turned away or meeting the viewer. Xiong’s blended use of felt and paint creates a feathery, breathable quality to the paintings. This, along with the highly saturated use of colour creates a dreamlike effect. We are glimpsing inside the artist’s own personal memories, a flip-book, snap-shot telescoped gaze into a past that is still alive.

We moved on to further discuss his use of felt in the paintings, a complex technique that involves several layers of paint. I asked Xiong why he wanted to use felt. He said,

‘Wool felt is the most common fabric in pastoral areas. Herdsmen can obtain wool from their own sheep and  make various types of felt or warm clothing themselves. Felt is primarily used to make yurts because it has  excellent insulation properties. In Inner Mongolia, temperatures can drop to as low as -(minus)50 degrees Celsius  in winter. 

 I was born and raised in Inner Mongolia, grew up herding sheep with my grandfather, and  have a deep connection and affection for sheep and wool. When I was very young, resources were extremely scarce, and there was no extra money to buy bedding or  warm clothing. We relied on wool felt and wool products made by my family to keep warm. Wool felt perfectly represents my identity.’

Courtesy of Billie Tzu-Hsing Liao

I questioned Xiong further on this notion of identity, and his response was surprising.

‘I don't like the term "identity" because I believe all conflicts stem from it.  Different appearances, cultural backgrounds, and religious beliefs give us different identities. Humans, who are  essentially the same species, end up in conflict because of these differing identities. That's why I blur the identities of the figures in my work. I hope for a world where everyone is equal and mutual respect prevails.’

Xiong’s paintings both enliven archives and art history, as well as tackle wider political issues that remain personal to the artist. Through a complex understanding of medium and concept, the exhibition provides a thought-provoking insight into a world filled with uncertainty and changing notions of identity. Deep underground in central London, traces of memory are preserved in the felt fibres and paint pigments, held aloft in the shadowy caverns and illuminated vaults; traces raised to remind us history and identity are not static.

Courtesy of Billie Tzu-Hsing Liao